A very basic (but functional) eduroam configuration

Overview

This guide is intended to help any site wishing to join eduroam implement the IdP (home service) and SP (visited service) eduroam components. It contains sample configuration files that may be used in place of the normal v3.0.x configuration files that ship with the server.

In addition to the configuration files here, you will need to configure a module to talk to your user store (LDAP, Novell, Active Directory, SQL). See notes in the inner-tunnel configuration.

The general order of operations is:

Install FreeRADIUS >= 3.0.15 from packages or by building from source.
Replace the relevant configuration files in /etc/raddb or /etc/freeradius with the ones found here.
Start the server with radiusd -X || freeradius -X
Use the test files with eapol_test to verify the server is functional.
Stop the server.
Remove the call to the files module in the inner-tunnel, and either configure ntlm_auth, the ldap module, or the sql module.
Modify the eapol_test files with real credentials in your user directory (preferably a test account).
Start the server with radiusd -X || freeradius -X
Check that the eapol_test files work with REAL credentials.
Stop the server.
Replace the dummy certs in the certs directory (/etc/raddb/certs or /etc/freeradius/certs/) with ones issued by edupki or a commerical certification authority.
Alter the eapol_test files so they specify a certification authority.
Check that the eapol_test files work with a REAL certificate, and REAL credentials.
Clone the config onto two servers (or clone the server).
Pass the server IP addresses of those servers to your NRO (National RADIUS Operator). They will usually issue you secrets and tell you the IP addresses of the FLRS (Federation Level RADIUS Servers), which you need to put in proxy.conf and clients.conf

A separate page gives more detail on configuring efficient logging for eduroam.

Tooling

eapol_test

Before you begin you should build a copy of eapol_test. eapol_test is an extremely useful tool produced by the hostapd project which can simulate both a Wireless Access Point and a Supplicant (client). Unfortunately it's not usually packaged and can be quite challenging to build manually.

A script is included in the FreeRADIUS CIT suite that will automatically build eapol_test, which you should use. Instructions on building it are as follows:

Dependencies

Centos/RHEL

sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
sudo yum install git openssl-devel pkgconfig libnl3-devel

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt-get install git libssl-dev devscripts pkg-config libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev

Building

git clone --depth 1 --no-single-branch https://github.com/FreeRADIUS/freeradius-server.git

cd freeradius-server/scripts/ci/

./eapol_test-build.sh

cp ./eapol_test/eapol_test /usr/local/bin/

You should now have a functional eapol_test in your path.

Configuration

You should replace existing configuration files in their entirety with the configuration file contents provided below.

The outer virtual server

This is a bare bones configuration file for the outer virtual-server. This virtual-server handles the outer EAP conversation, i.e. data outside of the TLS tunnel.

It does the following:

Checks the sanity of incoming User-Name strings.
Routes requests that cannot be processed locally to the NRO (National Roaming Operator).
Filters responses from remote IdPs.
Calls the EAP module for authentication of local users.
Assigns a VLAN based on whether the user is a local user, or was authenticated by a remote IdP.
Logs authentication successes and failures.

`sites-available/default`

# The domain users will add to their username to have their credentials 
# routed to your institution.  You will also need to register this
# and your RADIUS server addresses with your NRO.
operator_name = "<your-institutions-domain>"

# The VLAN to assign eduroam visitors
eduroam_default_guest_vlan = "<guest-vid>"

# The VLAN to assign your students/staff
eduroam_default_local_vlan = "<local-vid>"

server eduroam {
	listen {
		type = auth
		ipaddr = *
		port = 1812
	}

	authorize {
		# Log requests before we change them
		linelog_recv_request

		# split_username_nai is a policy in the default distribution to 
		# split a username into username and domain.  We reject user-name 
		# strings without domains, as they're not routable.
		split_username_nai
		if (noop || !&Stripped-User-Domain) {
			reject
		}

		# Send the request to the NRO for your region.
		# The details of the FLRs (Federation Level RADIUS servers)
		# are in proxy.conf.
		# You can make this condition as complex as you like, to 
		# include additional subdomains just concatenate the conditions
		# with &&.
		if (&Stripped-User-Domain != "${operator_name}") {
			update {
				control:Load-Balance-Key := &Calling-Station-ID
				control:Proxy-To-Realm := 'eduroam_flr'
				
				# Operator name (RFC 5580) identifies the network the 
				# request originated from. It's not absolutely necessary
				# but it helps with debugging.
				request:Operator-Name := "1${operator_name}"
			}
			return
		}

		# If the EAP module returns 'ok' or 'updated', it means it has handled
		# the request and we don't need to call any other modules in this
		# section.
		eap {
			ok = return
			updated = return
		}
	}

	pre-proxy {
		attr_filter.pre-proxy
		linelog_send_proxy_request
	}

	post-proxy {
		attr_filter.post-proxy
		linelog_recv_proxy_response
	}

	authenticate {
		eap
	}

	post-auth {
		# To implement eduroam you must:
		# - Use wireless access points or a controller which supports 
                #   dynamic VLAN assignments.
		# - Have that feature enabled.
		# - Have the guest_vlan/local_vlan available to the controller,
                #   or to all your access points.
		# eduroam user traffic *MUST* be segregated, this is *NOT* optional.
		update reply {
			Tunnel-Type := VLAN
			Tunnel-Medium-Type := IEEE-802
		}
		if (&control:Proxy-To-Realm) {
			update reply {
				Tunnel-Private-Group-ID = ${eduroam_default_guest_vlan}
			}
		}
		else {
			update reply {
				Tunnel-Private-Group-ID = ${eduroam_default_local_vlan}
			}
		}

		# We're sending a response to one of OUR network devices for one of 
		# OUR users so provide it with the real user-identity.
		if (&session-state:Stripped-User-Name) {
			update reply {
				User-Name := "%{session-state:Stripped-User-Name}@%{Stripped-User-Domain}"
			}
		}

		linelog_send_accept

		Post-Auth-Type REJECT {
			attr_filter.access_reject
			linelog_send_reject
		}
	}
}

This is a stripped down EAP configuration that'll allow:

EAP-TTLS-PAP
EAP-TTLS-MSCHAPv2
PEAPv0
EAP-TLS

`mods-available/eap`

eap {
	# The initial EAP type requested.  Change this to peap if you're
	# using peap, or tls if you're using EAP-TLS.
	default_eap_type = ttls

	# The maximum time an EAP-Session can continue for
	timer_expire = 60

	# The maximum number of ongoing EAP sessions
	max_sessions = ${max_requests}

	tls-config tls-common {
		# The public certificate that your server will present
		certificate_file = ${certdir}/server.pem

		# The private key for the public certificate
		private_key_file = ${certdir}/server.key

		# The password to decrypt 'private_key_file'
		private_key_password = whatever

		# The certificate of the authority that issued 'certificate_file'
		ca_file = ${cadir}/ca.pem

		# If your AP drops packets towards the client, try reducing this.
		fragment_size = 1024

		# When issuing client certificates embed the OCSP URL in the 
		# certificate if you want to be able to revoke them later.
		ocsp {
			enable = yes
			override_cert_url = no
			use_nonce = yes
		}
	}

	tls {
		tls = tls-common
	}

	ttls {
		tls = tls-common
		default_eap_type = mschapv2
		virtual_server = "eduroam-inner"
	}

	peap {
		tls = tls-common
		default_eap_type = mschapv2
		virtual_server = "eduroam-inner"
	}
}

All eduroam members should log requests to/from their servers for compliance purposes and because it makes debugging much easier.

These logging module instances and the virtual server configuration above will make your site fully compliant, so long as the syslog messages are retained for the requisite period.

We recommend ingesting the messages into logstash or Splunk to make debugging/helpdesk activities easier.

`mods-available/linelog`

linelog linelog_recv_request {
	filename = syslog
	syslog_facility = local0
	syslog_severity = debug
	format = "action = Recv-Request, %{pairs:request:}"
}

linelog linelog_send_accept {
	filename = syslog
	syslog_facility = local0
	syslog_severity = debug
	format = "action = Send-Accept, %{pairs:request:}"
}

linelog linelog_send_reject {
	filename = syslog
	syslog_facility = local0
	syslog_severity = debug
	format = "action = Send-Reject, %{pairs:request:}"
}

linelog linelog_send_proxy_request {
	filename = syslog
	syslog_facility = local0
	syslog_severity = debug
	format = "action = Send-Proxy-Request, %{pairs:proxy-request:}"
}

linelog linelog_recv_proxy_response {
	filename = syslog
	syslog_facility = local0
	syslog_severity = debug
	reference = "messages.%{proxy-reply:Response-Packet-Type}"
	messages {
		Access-Accept = "action = Recv-Proxy-Accept, User-Name = %{User-Name}, Calling-Station-Id = %{Calling-Station-Id}, %{pairs:proxy-reply:}"
		Access-Reject = "action = Recv-Proxy-Reject, User-Name = %{User-Name}, Calling-Station-Id = %{Calling-Station-Id}, %{pairs:proxy-reply:}"
		Access-Challenge = "action = Recv-Proxy-Challenge, User-Name = %{User-Name}, Calling-Station-ID = %{Calling-Station-Id}, %{pairs:proxy-reply:}"
	}
}

You will also need to configure your local syslog deaemon to log these messages.

For rsyslogd you could do that with the following:

echo "local0.debug					/var/log/radius_auth.log" > /etc/rsyslog.d/radiusd.conf

Then setup the appropriate log rotation rules.

A basic realm to forward requests to your NRO's FLRs'.

`proxy.conf`

home_server eduroam_flr_server_1 {
        ipaddr = <ip-address>
        secret = <secret>
        status_check = status-server
        response_window = 5
        check_interval = 10
        check_timeout = 5
}

# Only uncomment if there are two FLRS
#home_server eduroam_flr_server_2 {
#       ipaddr = <ip-address>
#       secret = <secret>
#       status_check = status-server
#       response_window = 5
#       check_interval = 10
#       check_timeout = 5
#}
home_server_pool eduroam_flr_pool {
        type = keyed-balance
        home_server = eduroam_flr_server_1

	# Only uncomment if there are two FLRS
#	home_server = eduroam_flr_server_2
}
realm eduroam_flr {
        auth_pool = eduroam_flr_pool
	nostrip
}

The clients.conf file determines which devices can talk to the RADIUS server.

In most instances we need:

An entry for localhost (testing).
An entry for each of the FLRS.
An entry for the management subnet of your WLCs/Access points.

`clients.conf`

client localhost {
	ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
	secret = testing123
}

client eduroam_flr_server_1 {
        ipaddr = <ip-address>
        secret = <secret>
	nastype = 'eduroam_flr'
}

# As above, only uncomment if there are two federation level servers
#client eduroam_flr_server_2 {
#       ipaddr = <ip-address>
#       secret = <secret>
#	nastype = 'eduroam_flr'
#}

client wireless_access_points_mgmt {
	ipaddr = <ip-address>/<cidr-mask>

	# This should be long and random
	secret = <secret>
}

The Inner virtual Server

This is a bare bones configuration file for the outer virtual-server. This virtual-server handles the inner EAP conversation, i.e. data inside of the TLS tunnel.

It does the following:

Checks the sanity of the inner identity.
Makes the inner identity available to the outer server.
Retrieve's the users password/forwards credentials to ActiveDirectory (if used).
Authenticates the user.

NOTE: You may need to symlink mods-enabled/inner-eap to mods-available/inner-eap. i.e. cd /etc/raddb/mods-available; ln -s ../mods-available/inner-eap ../mods-enabled/inner-eap.

`sites-available/inner-tunnel`

server eduroam-inner {
	listen {
		type = auth
		ipaddr = *
		port = 18120 # Used for testing only.  Requests proxied internally.
	}

	authorize {
		# The outer username is considered garabage for autz purposes, but 
		# the domain portion of the outer and inner identities must match.
		split_username_nai
		if (noop || (&Stripped-User-Domain && \
		    (&outer.Stripped-User-Domain != &Stripped-User-Domain))) {
			reject
		}

		# Make the user's real identity available to anything that needs
		# it in the outer server.
		if (&outer.session-state:)
			update {
				&outer.session-state:Stripped-User-Name := &Stripped-User-Name
			}
		}

		# EAP for PEAPv0 (EAP-MSCHAPv2)
		inner-eap {
			ok = return
		}

		# THIS IS SITE SPECIFIC
		#
		# The files module is *ONLY* used for testing.  It lets you define 
		# credentials in a flat file, IT WILL NOT SCALE.
		#
		# - If you use OpenLDAP with salted password hashes you should 
 		#   call the 'ldap' module here and use EAP-TTLS-PAP as your EAP method.
		# - If you use OpenLDAP with cleartext passwords you should 
		#   call the 'ldap' module here and use EAP-TTLS or PEAPv0.
		# - If you use an SQL DB with salted password hashes you should call 
		#   the 'sql' module here and use EAP-TTLS-PAP as your EAP method.
		# - If you use an SQL DB with cleartext passwords you should call 
		#   the 'sql' module here and use EAP-TTLS or PEAPv0.
		# - If you use Novell you should call the 'ldap' module here and 
		#   set ``edir = yes`` in ``mods-available/ldap`` and use EAP-TTLS or
		#   PEAPv0.
		# - If you use Active Directory, you don't need anything here (remove 
		#   the call to files) but you'll need to follow this 
		#   [guide](freeradius-active-directory-integration-howto) and use 
		#   EAP-TTLS-PAP or PEAPv0.
		# - If you're using EAP-TLS (i'm impressed!) remove the call to files.
		#
		# EAP-TTLS-PAP and PEAPv0 are equally secure/insecure depending on how the 
		# supplicant is configured. PEAPv0 has a slight edge in that you need to 
		# crack MSCHAPv2 to get the user's password (but this is not hard).
		files

		pap
		mschap
	}

	authenticate {
		inner-eap
		mschap
		pap

		# Comment pap above and uncomment the stanza below if you're using 
		# Active Directory; this will allow it to work with EAP-TTLS/PAP.
		#Auth-Type pap {
		#	ntlm_auth
		#}
	}
}

This is a stripped inner-eap configuration that'll allow

EAP-MSCHAPv2 (inner of PEAPv0)

`mods-available/inner-eap`

eap inner-eap {
	default_eap_type = mschapv2
	timer_expire = 60
	max_sessions = ${max_requests}

	mschapv2 {
		send_error = yes
	}
}

Testing

eapol_test is the utility of choice when testing. Some basic config files for eapol_test are given below, which allow you to generate EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP and EAP-TLS requests.

Test files

This testing entry for the files module set the 'known-good' or 'reference' password to be 'changeme' for all users.

The files module should be removed from the config before the server is placed into production.

`mods-config/files/authorize`

DEFAULT Cleartext-Password := 'changeme'

`~/eapol_test/eap-ttls.conf`

#
#   eapol_test -c ttls-pap.conf -s testing123
#
network={
	key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
	eap=TTLS
	identity="a_user@<your-instiutions-domain>"
	anonymous_identity="anonymous@<your-instiutions-domain>"

	# Uncomment to validate the server's certificate by checking
	# it was signed by this CA.
	#ca_cert="raddb/certs/ca.pem"
	password="changeme"
	phase2="auth=PAP"
}

`~/eapol_test/peap-mschapv2.conf`

#
#   eapol_test -c peap-mschapv2.conf -s testing123
#
network={
	key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
	eap=PEAP
	identity="a_user@<your-instiutions-domain>"
	anonymous_identity="anonymous@<your-instiutions-domain>"

	# Uncomment to validate the server's certificate by checking
	# it was signed by this CA.
	#ca_cert="raddb/certs/ca.pem"
	password="changeme"
	phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2 mschapv2_retry=0"
	phase1="peapver=0"
}

`~/eapol_test/tls.conf`

#
#   eapol_test -c tls.conf -s testing123
#
network={
        key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
        eap=TLS
	anonymous_identity="anonymous@<your-instiutions-domain>"

	# Uncomment to validate the server's certificate by checking
	# it was signed by this CA.
	#ca_cert="raddb/certs/ca.pem"

	# supplicant's public cert
        client_cert="raddb/certs/client.crt"

	# supplicant's private key
        private_key="raddb/certs/client.key"

	# password to decrypt private key
        private_key_passwd="whatever"
}

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